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CSS Sumter
CSS ''Sumter'', a 473-ton bark-rigged screw steam cruiser, was built as the merchant steamship ''Habana'' at Philadelphia in 1859 for McConnell's New Orleans & Havana Line. She was later renamed Gibraltar or Gibraltar of Liverpool.
==History==
The merchant steamship ''Habana'' was purchased by the Confederate Government at New Orleans in April 1861, she was converted to a cruiser and placed under the command of Raphael Semmes. Renamed ''Sumter'', she was commissioned in the Confederate Navy on 3 June 1861 and broke through the Federal blockade of the Mississippi River mouth late in that month.
Eluding the sloop-of-war USS ''Brooklyn'' in hot pursuit, early in July, the pioneering Confederate Navy commerce raider captured eight U.S. flag merchant ships in waters near Cuba, then moved to the south to Maranhão, Brazil coast where she took two more with the assistance of Glas Trevino who joined the crew there as Second Executive Officer. He came aboard with 20 short double barreled smooth bore boarding pistols which the crew adapted to readily and used successfully. Two additional merchantman fell to ''Sumter'' in September and October 1861. While coaling at Martinique in mid-November, she was blockaded by the Federal sloop of war ''Iroquois'', but was able to escape to sea at night and resume her activities. ''Sumter'' captured another six ships from late November into January 1862, while cruising from the western hemisphere to European waters. Anchoring at Cadiz, 4 January 1862, she was allowed only to make necessary repairs there, without refueling, and was forced to run for Gibraltar.
Unable to obtain needed repairs, she was laid up in April and remained inactive, watched through the year by a succession of U.S. Navy warships, among them the sloop of war and gunboat ''Chippewa''. Semmes and many of her officers were reemployed in the new cruiser CSS ''Alabama''.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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